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- <text id=91TT0604>
- <title>
- Mar. 25, 1991: America Abroad
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Mar. 25, 1991 Boris Yeltsin:Russia's Maverick
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 33
- AMERICA ABROAD
- The Conductor of Discord
- </hdr><body>
- <p>By Strobe Talbott
- </p>
- <p> Mikhail Gorbachev specializes in the politics of the
- impossible. Even his job description--to preside over a
- country that is falling apart--is a contradiction in terms:
- He may be the most widely disliked figure in the Soviet Union,
- yet he is convinced that he alone can avert outright warfare
- among tribes and factions that hate one another even more than
- they hate him.
- </p>
- <p> Traditionally, politicians build coalitions of supporters.
- Gorbachev has done the opposite. He has managed to make a
- peculiar virtue out of having detractors on all sides.
- </p>
- <p> Reactionaries will never forgive him for his earlier
- policies, while democrats feel betrayed and threatened by his
- current ones. Nationalists see him as thwarting their drive for
- independence, while imperialists blame him for tolerating the
- very idea of secession.
- </p>
- <p> So far he has been able to play these complaints off each
- other and position himself in the middle as the conductor of
- a discordant choir. What he has done that infuriates the left
- also makes him tolerable to the right, albeit just barely. And
- vice versa. Remove him from the equation, and the result could
- be a cataclysmic struggle between forces that are intolerable
- to each other.
- </p>
- <p> Boris Yeltsin has supplanted Gorbachev as the Soviet
- politician who seems most committed to following through on
- reform. Unlike Gorbachev, Yeltsin has openly broken with the
- Communist Party, and he wants to legalize private property and
- introduce a real free market. His vision for the future--independence for some republics, a loose confederation for the
- rest--is, in the long run, probably more realistic than
- Gorbachev's. But in the near term it tempts disaster in the
- form of a much more serious backlash than what has already
- occurred. While Yeltsin's boldness resonates with the impatience
- of much of the populace, it also terrifies, antagonizes and
- provokes the reactionaries. Yeltsin has people power, but his
- enemies have the power that comes from the barrel of a gun.
- </p>
- <p> No doubt largely because Yeltsin is so popular, Gorbachev
- detests him, and Yeltsin heartily reciprocates the sentiment.
- They are trying to vanquish each other with public
- denunciations, parliamentary maneuvers, resolutions on ballots
- and demonstrations in the streets. But vicious as their rivalry
- is, it is nothing compared with the way politics used to be in
- the Soviet Union--and might be again if the advocates of a
- return to repression were to prevail.
- </p>
- <p> Bloody Sunday, Jan. 13, when Soviet soldiers killed unarmed
- civilians in Lithuania, is often cited as proof that Gorbachev
- has already thrown in with the ultraconservatives. Actually,
- in the aftermath of the massacre, he showed his determination
- to preserve an equilibrium between right and left, between
- centrifugal and centripetal forces. If the hard-liners had
- really had their way in Vilnius, the night of horror would have
- stretched into a week, a month, perhaps a new era. Vytautas
- Landsbergis would now be dead, in jail or, if he were extremely
- lucky, back to teaching music. Instead he remains President of
- Lithuania.
- </p>
- <p> The Baltic affair is a reminder that the outside world has
- an unusual claim on the man in the Kremlin and hence some
- limited influence on the policies that emanate from there.
- Especially now that Gorbachev has alienated or disillusioned
- his constituencies at home, he is desperate to preserve the
- ones he has built abroad. He was aghast when his pals George
- Bush, Helmut Kohl and Francois Mitterrand warned that the
- violence in Vilnius jeopardized not only Western economic
- assistance to perestroika but also Gorbachev's personal standing
- in the club of world leaders.
- </p>
- <p> In the midst of that uproar, Gorbachev had to replace
- Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze, who anticipated the use
- of force against nationalists and resigned in pre-emptive
- protest. The resurgent Old Guard's choice for the post was the
- Politburo ideologist, Alexander Dzasokhov; on the eve of Bloody
- Sunday he had the inside track. But at the last minute, to
- reassure the international community, Gorbachev picked instead
- a Shevardnadze protege, the smooth, English-speaking ambassador
- to Washington, Alexander Bessmertnykh.
- </p>
- <p> Of course, if Gorbachev had heeded Shevardnadze in the first
- place, there might never have been a massacre in Vilnius or a
- vacancy at the Foreign Ministry. Still, Gorbachev did call off
- the tanks, leaving Landsbergis' government in the Lithuanian
- parliament and Soviet troops around the republic's main TV
- station several blocks away--a standoff that captures in
- microcosm the state of the U.S.S.R. as a whole. And in
- Bessmertnykh, the Soviet Union has ended up with a Foreign
- Minister who is a comedown from Shevardnadze but a considerable
- improvement on Dzasokhov.
- </p>
- <p> Thus the outcome of the latest crisis has been worse than
- anyone would have liked but better than many had feared. That
- seems to be the appropriate judgment about the U.S.S.R. these
- days. The blame and credit due Gorbachev are, like so many
- contradictory elements over which he presides, in a rough,
- precarious balance.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
-